Luxemburg idrottare
In around 58 to 51 BC, the Romans invaded the country when Julius Caesar conquered Gaul and part of Germania up to the Rhine border, thus the area of what is now Luxembourg became part of the Roman Empire for the next years, living in relative peace under the Pax Romana. With an area of 2, square kilometers sq mi , Luxembourg is Europe's seventh-smallest country. Luxembourg's long defense led Lazare Carnot to call Luxembourg "the best fortress in the world, except Gibraltar", giving rise to the city's nickname the Gibraltar of the North.
Having been restored in after the defeat of Napoleon , it regained independence in after the Luxembourg Crisis. For nearly years Luxembourg would remain a possession of the mighty House of Habsburg, at first under Austrian rule — , then under Spanish rule — , before going back again to Austrian rule — With having become a Habsburg possession, the Duchy of Luxembourg became, like many countries in Europe at the time, heavily involved in the many conflicts for dominance of Europe between the Habsburg-held countries and the Kingdom of France.
In , Philip the Handsome inherited all of what became then known as the Habsburg Netherlands , and with it the Duchy of Luxembourg. The Salian Franks who settled in the area are often described as the ones having brought the Germanic language to present-day Luxembourg, since the old Frankish language spoken by them is considered by linguists to be a direct forerunner of the Moselle Franconian dialect , which later evolved into, among others, the modern-day Luxembourgish language.
It borders Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and. By the middle of the 13th century, the counts of Luxembourg had managed to gain considerable wealth and power and had expanded their territory from the river Meuse to the Moselle. In context of the Nine Years' War in , France invaded Luxembourg again , conquering and occupying the Duchy until when it was returned to the Spanish in order to garner support for the Bourbon cause during the prelude to the War of the Spanish Succession.
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Denna kategori har följande 11 underkategorier (av totalt 11). For a few centuries the abbey would become one of northern Europe's most influential abbeys. The recorded history of Luxembourg begins with the acquisition of Lucilinburhuc [ 37 ] today Luxembourg Castle situated on the Bock rock by Siegfried, Count of the Ardennes , in through an exchange act with St. Maximin's Abbey, Trier. He remains a major figure in Luxembourgish history and folklore and is considered by many historians the epitome of chivalry in medieval times.
But despite the defeat, the Battle of Worringen helped the Counts of Luxembourg to achieve military glory, which they had previously lacked, as they had mostly enlarged their territory by means of inheritances, marriages and fiefdoms. Luxembourg remained an independent fief county of the Holy Roman Empire, and in , Charles IV elevated it to the status of a duchy with his half-brother Wenceslaus I becoming the first Duke of Luxembourg.
It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Luxembourg became part of the Spanish Netherlands in , and when France and Spain went to war in it resulted in the Treaty of the Pyrenees , in which the first partition of Luxembourg was decided.
Under the Treaty, Spain ceded the Luxembourgish fortresses of Stenay , Thionville, and Montmédy , and the surrounding territory to France, effectively reducing the size of Luxembourg for the first time in centuries. Similar to those in Gaul, the Celts of Luxembourg adopted Roman culture, language, morals and a way of life, effectively becoming what historians later described as Gallo-Roman civilization.
The County of Luxembourg was established in the 11th century, as a state within the Holy Roman Empire. When the Carolingian Empire was divided many times starting with the Treaty of Verdun in , today's Luxembourgish territory became successively part of the Kingdom of Middle Francia — , the Kingdom of Lotharingia — and finally of the Duchy of Lorraine — , which itself had become a state of the Holy Roman Empire.
One example of this includes French military engineer Marquis de Vauban who advanced the fortifications around and on the heights of the city, fortification walls that are still visible today. The first traces of settlement in what is now Luxembourg are dated back to the Paleolithic Age , about 35, years ago. In the years and most of the Duchy was conquered relatively quickly and the French Revolutionary Army committed many atrocities and pillages against the Luxembourgish civilian population and abbeys, the most infamous being the massacres of Differdange and Dudelange , as well as the destruction of the abbeys of Clairefontaine , Echternach and Orval.
Many examples of archaeological evidence proving their existence in Luxembourg have been discovered, the most famous being the Oppidum of Titelberg. As the House of Luxembourg had become extinct and Luxembourg now became part of the Burgundian Netherlands , this would mark the start of nearly years of foreign rule over Luxembourg. The most famous figure in this context is Willibrord , a Northumbrian missionary saint, who together with other monks established the Abbey of Echternach in AD , [ 32 ] and is celebrated annually in the dancing procession of Echternach.
The duchy was subsequently occupied by the pro-Austrian allied forces during the conflict and was awarded to Austria at its conclusion in As the Duchy of Luxembourg repeatedly passed back and forth from Spanish and Austrian to French rule, each of the conquering nations contributed to strengthening and expanding the Fortress that the Castle of Luxembourg had become over the years. It all came to end in , when the House of Luxembourg suffered a succession crisis, precipitated by the lack of a male heir to assume the throne.
With the ascension of Henry VII as Emperor, the dynasty of the House of Luxembourg not only began to rule the Holy Roman Empire , but rapidly began to exercise growing influence over other parts of Central Europe as well. Luxembourg was partitioned three times, reducing its size. Underkategorier. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembourg City , [ 10 ] is one of the four institutional seats of the European Union together with Brussels , Frankfurt , and Strasbourg and the seat of several EU institutions, notably the Court of Justice of the European Union , the highest judicial authority.
Luxembourg was annexed by France, becoming the département des forêts department of forests , and the incorporation of the former Duchy as a département into France was formalised at the Treaty of Campo Formio in Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Luxemburgska idrottare.. The Codex Aureus of Echternach , an important surviving codex written entirely in gold ink, was produced here in the 11th century. The Christianization of Luxembourg is usually dated back to the end of the 7th century.
Six centuries later the Romans named the Celtic tribes inhabiting these exact regions collectively as the Treveri.
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Since Sigismund and Elizabeth of Görlitz were both heirless, all possessions of the Luxembourg Dynasty were redistributed among the European aristocracy. Luxembourg came under Habsburg rule in the 15th century, and was annexed by France in the 18th century. He is also known for having founded the Schueberfouer in and for his heroic death at the Battle of Crécy in Charles IV created the long-lasting Golden Bull of , a decree which fixed important aspects of the constitutional structure of the Empire.
While his kin were occupied ruling and expanding their power within the Holy Roman Empire and elsewhere, Wenceslaus, annexed the County of Chiny in , and with it, the territories of the new Duchy of Luxembourg reached its greatest extent. When the war broke out in Luxembourg and the Spanish Netherlands were administered by the pro-French faction under the governor Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria and sided with the Bourbons.
Luxembourg (/ ˈ l ʌ k s əm b ɜːr ɡ / ⓘ LUK-səm-burg; Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg [ˈlətsəbuəɕ] ⓘ; French: Luxembourg [lyksɑ̃buʁ]; German: Luxemburg [ˈlʊksm̩bʊʁk]), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small landlocked country in Western Europe.